yagmail

Send email in Python conveniently for gmail using yagmail

Code Quality Rank: L4

Programming language: Python

License: MIT License

Tags: Build Tools     Email     Communications     Email Clients (MUA)     Debuggers     System     Software Distribution     Systems Administration     Utilities    

README

yagmail -- Yet Another GMAIL/SMTP client

For the asynchronous asyncio version, look here: https://github.com/kootenpv/aioyagmail

The goal here is to make it as simple and painless as possible to send emails.

In the end, your code will look something like this:

import yagmail
yag = yagmail.SMTP('mygmailusername', 'mygmailpassword')
contents = ['This is the body, and here is just text http://somedomain/image.png',
            'You can find an audio file attached.', '/local/path/song.mp3']
yag.send('[email protected]', 'subject', contents)

In 2020, I personally prefer: using an Application-Specific Password

Table of Contents

Section	Explanation
Install	Find the instructions on how to install yagmail here
Start a connection	Get started
Usability	Shows some usage patterns for sending
Recipients	How to send to multiple people, give an alias or send to self
Magical contents	Really easy to send text, html, images and attachments
Attaching files	How attach files to the email
DKIM Support	Add DKIM signature to your emails with your private key
Feedback	How to send me feedback
Roadmap (and priorities)	Yup
Errors	List of common errors for people dealing with sending emails

Install

For Python 2.x and Python 3.x respectively:

pip install yagmail[all]
pip3 install yagmail[all]

As a side note, yagmail can now also be used to send emails from the command line.

Start a connection

yag = yagmail.SMTP('mygmailusername', 'mygmailpassword)

Note that this connection is reusable, closable and when it leaves scope it will clean up after itself in CPython.

As tilgovi points out in #39, SMTP does not automatically close in PyPy. The context manager with should be used in that case.

Usability

Defining some variables:

to = '[email protected]'
to2 = '[email protected]'
to3 = '[email protected]'
subject = 'This is obviously the subject'
body = 'This is obviously the body'
html = '<a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/sky/">Click me!</a>'
img = '/local/file/bunny.png'

All variables are optional, and know that not even to is required (you'll send an email to yourself):

yag.send(to = to, subject = subject, contents = body)
yag.send(to = to, subject = subject, contents = [body, html, img])
yag.send(contents = [body, img])

Furthermore, if you do not want to be explicit, you can do the following:

yag.send(to, subject, [body, img])

Recipients

It is also possible to send to a group of people by providing a list of email strings rather than a single string:

yag.send(to = to)
yag.send(to = [to, to2]) # List or tuples for emailadresses *without* aliases
yag.send(to = {to : 'Alias1'}) # Dictionary for emailaddress *with* aliases
yag.send(to = {to : 'Alias1', to2 : 'Alias2'}

Giving no to argument will send an email to yourself. In that sense, yagmail.SMTP().send() can already send an email. Be aware that if no explicit to = ... is used, the first argument will be used to send to. Can be avoided like:

yag.send(subject = 'to self', contents = 'hi!')

Note that by default all email addresses are conservatively validated using soft_email_validation==True (default).

Oauth2

It is even safer to use Oauth2 for authentication, as you can revoke the rights of tokens.

This is one of the best sources, upon which the oauth2 code is heavily based.

The code:

yag = yagmail.SMTP("[email protected]", oauth2_file="~/oauth2_creds.json")
yag.send(subject="Great!")

It will prompt for a google_client_id and a google_client_secret, when the file cannot be found. These variables can be obtained following the previous link.

After you provide them, a link will be shown in the terminal that you should followed to obtain a google_refresh_token. Paste this again, and you're set up!

Note that people who obtain the file can send emails, but nothing else. As soon as you notice, you can simply disable the token.

Preventing OAuth authorization from expiring after 7 days

Your Google Cloud Platform project's OAuth consent screen must be in "In production" publishing status before authorizing to not have the authorization expire after 7 days. See status at https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials/consent

Your OAuth client ID must be of type "Desktop". Check at https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials

Magical contents

The contents argument will be smartly guessed. It can be passed a string (which will be turned into a list); or a list. For each object in the list:

• If it is a dictionary it will assume the key is the content, and the value is an alias (only for images currently!) e.g. {'/path/to/image.png' : 'MyPicture'}
• It will try to see if the content (string) can be read as a file locally, e.g. '/path/to/image.png'
• if impossible, it will check if the string is valid html e.g. <h1>This is a big title</h1>
• if not, it must be text. e.g. 'Hi Dorika!'

Note that local files can be html (inline); everything else will be attached.

Local files require to have an extension for their content type to be inferred.

As of version 0.4.94, raw and inline have been added.

• raw ensures a string will not receive any "magic" (inlining, html, attaching)
• inline will make an image appear in the text.

Attaching Files

There are multiple ways to attach files in the attachments parameter (in addition to magical contents parameter).

1. One can pass a list of paths i.e. python yag.send(to=recipients, subject=email_subject, contents=contents, attachments=['path/to/attachment1.png', 'path/to/attachment2.pdf', 'path/to/attachment3.zip'] )
2. One can pass an instance of io.IOBase. python with open('path/to/attachment', 'rb') as f: yag.send(to=recipients, subject=email_subject, contents=contents, attachments=f ) In this example f is an instance of _io.BufferedReader a subclass of the abstract class io.IOBase.

f has in this example the attribute .name, which is used by yagmail as filename as well as to detect the correct MIME-type. Not all io.IOBase instances have the .name attribute in which case yagmail names the attachments attachment1, attachment2, ... without a file extension! Therefore, it is highly recommended setting the filename with extension manually e.g. f.name = 'my_document.pdf'

A real-world example would be if the attachment is retrieved from a different source than the disk (e.g. downloaded from the internet or uploaded by a user in a web-application)

DKIM Support

To send emails with dkim signature, you need to install the package with all related packages.

pip install yagmail[all]
# or
pip install yagmail[dkim]

Usage:

from yagmail import SMTP
from yagmail.dkim import DKIM
from pathlib import Path

# load private key from file/secrets manager
private_key = Path("privkey.pem").read_bytes()

dkim_obj = DKIM(
  domain=b"a.com",
  selector=b"selector",
  private_key=private_key,
  include_headers=[b"To", b"From", b"Subject"],
  # To include all default headers just pass None instead
  # include_headers=None,
)

yag = SMTP(dkim=dkim_obj)

# all the rest is the same

Feedback

I'll try to respond to issues within 24 hours at Github.....

And please send me a line of feedback with SMTP().feedback('Great job!') :-)

Roadmap (and priorities)

• Added possibility of Image
• Optional SMTP arguments should go with **kwargs to my SMTP
• CC/BCC (high)
• Custom names (high)
• Allow send to return a preview rather than to actually send
• Just use attachments in "contents", being smart guessed (high, complex)
• Attachments (contents) in a list so they actually define the order (medium)
• Use lxml to see if it can parse the html (low)
• Added tests (high)
• Allow caching of content (low)
• Extra other types (low) (for example, mp3 also works, let me know if something does not work)
• Probably a naming issue with content type/default type
• Choose inline or not somehow (high)
• Make lxml module optional magic (high)
• Provide automatic fallback for complex content(medium) (should work)
• yagmail as a command on CLI upon install
• Added feedback function on SMTP to be able to send me feedback directly :-)
• Added the option to validate emailaddresses...
• however, I'm unhappy with the error handling/logging of wrong emails
• Logging count & mail capability (very low)
• Add documentation to exception classes (low)
• add raw and inline
• oauth2
• ~~Travis CI integration ~~
• ~~ Add documentation to all functions (high, halfway) ~~
• Prepare for official 1.0
• Go over documentation again (medium)
• Allow .yagmail file to contain more parameters (medium)
• Add option to shrink images (low)

Errors

• smtplib.SMTPException: SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server

• SMTPAuthenticationError: Application-specific password required

• YagAddressError: This means that the address was given in an invalid format. Note that From can either be a string, or a dictionary where the key is an email, and the value is an alias {'[email protected]': 'Sam'}. In the case of 'to', it can either be a string (email), a list of emails (email addresses without aliases) or a dictionary where keys are the email addresses and the values indicate the aliases.

• YagInvalidEmailAddress: Note that this will only filter out syntax mistakes in emailaddresses. If a human would think it is probably a valid email, it will most likely pass. However, it could still very well be that the actual emailaddress has simply not be claimed by anyone (so then this function fails to devalidate).

• Click to enable the email for being used externally https://www.google.com/settings/security/lesssecureapps

• Make sure you have a working internet connection

• If you get an ImportError try to install with sudo, see issue #13

Donate

If you like yagmail, feel free (no pun intended) to donate any amount you'd like :-)